Butane (not to be confused with isobutane) is a common camp stove fuel. It is usually the second most popular camp fuel in regions where propane is widely available.
Pros and cons
Butane canisters are compact and can be stored easily, often in the stove. But they must be stored out of direct sunlight and protected from high temperatures, and protected from punctures or other damage. If storing in a vehicle, keep them in a dry cooler to keep them from overheating if the vehicle is parked in the sun. Do not attempt to refill the canisters as they are designed for single use only. Butane in sealed canisters will last a decade or more.
Butane is not practical for use below freezing; it won't vaporize below approximately 33°F (0°C). Propane, by contrast, vaporizes down to approximately -43°F (-42°C).
Burning butane cleanly releases water vapor, which can increase humidity levels when cooking indoors. As with other fossil fuels, burning butane releases CO2 (carbon dioxide), and in low-oxygen environments will emit CO (carbon monoxide)[1].
“ Butane is not a bad fuel, just a less practical one in real life for many of us. Among other things, it’s often more costly, [and] not as easily or widely available in larger-sized tanks ...[2] ”
Availability
Butane fuel is available wherever camping supplies are sold. 8oz Butane canisters are also available, and often cheaper, in Asian grocery stores where they are popular for countertop stoves.
Dual-fuel camp stoves are available which will burn either propane or butane.